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Béla Gyires

Quick Info

Born
29 March 1909
Zagreb, Croatia
Died
26 August 2001
Budapest, Hungary
Summary
Béla Gyires was a Hungarian mathematician who worked in the theory of matrices, probability theory and mathematical statistics.
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Biography

Béla Gyires' father, also named Béla Gyires, worked for the Hungarian State Railways. His mother was Julianna F Kiss. Although he spent the first few years of his life in Zagreb, after World War I ended and the countries of Europe underwent major changes to their territories, Béla's family moved to Debrecen. At the time Béla was born, Zagreb was in Croatia-Slavonia, an autonomous kingdom within the Hungarian part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In 1918, when World War I ended, Zagreb became part of the newly created Yugoslavia and this was confirmed by the Treaty of Trianon in 1920. The Gyires family's move to Debrecen, therefore, meant that they were again in Hungary. In Debrecen, Béla Gyires attended the Piarist Gymnasium, graduating in 1928. The Debrecen Piarist Gymnasium was a famous school which had been founded in 1721 and celebrated its 200th anniversary on 2 June 1921. In 1926 the school was renamed the Holy Roman Catholic Calasanzi St Joseph Gymnasium. It was at this school that Gyires first developed a love for mathematics. This was not so much from the school mathematics syllabus but more from the problem solving competitions which were a tradition in Hungary.

After graduating in 1928, Gyires entered the Péter Pázmány University of Budapest where he studied for his first degree, mainly taking courses in mathematics and physics. One of his lecturers was Lipót Fejér who led the highly successful Hungarian school of analysis. Gyires was awarded his first degree in 1933 which qualified him for a career as a high school teacher. He continued to study for his doctorate but, in 1934 began a career as a school teacher. The professor in Budapest who influenced him most was Károly Jordán (1871-1959), an expert in probability theory and the theory of finite differences. Jordán had been made a professor in the year that Gyires graduated with his first degree and he is recognised as the founder of the Hungarian School of Probability. However, Jordán had wide interests having begun his career with an interest in chemical problems before making major contributions to integral geometry. Gyires, like Jordán who influenced him so strongly, had broad interests but made his most important contributions to the theory of probability and to mathematical statistics. For details of Jordán's life and work, see the 1975 paper [5] by Gyires.

In 1934 the university was reorganised as Józef Nádor University of Technology and Economics. Gyires was awarded his doctorate from that university in 1941 and, in that year, published the paper A korlátolt pontosságú szorzás hibahatárai Ⓣ which was his Ph.D. thesis. We mentioned above that Gyires worked as a school teacher while undertaking research for his doctorate. From 1934 to 1938 he taught at the trade school in Pászto in northern Hungary. He moved back to Debrecen in 1938 when he became a teacher at the Piarist Gymnasium where he had studied himself as a student. He remained there until 1943, the year in which he married Magdolna Simai who was a high school teacher. They had two children, Klara Gyires (born 1946) who became a pharmacologist and professor at Semmelweis University in Budapest, and Tibor Béla Gyires (born 1948) who became a mathematician and computer scientist. Tibor went to the United States in 1984 where he became a professor.

In 1943 Gyires moved to Kassa, a town now known as Košice in Slovakia. The town, originally Hungarian, had become part of Czechoslovakia after World War I but was ceded to Hungary in November 1938 by the First Vienna Award, a treaty agreed as part of Germany's attempt to assist in Hungary's territorial restoration. Gyires taught at the College of Commerce there until 1945. However these were the years of World War II and, after Kassa was captured by the Soviets in January 1945, Gyires returned to Debrecen. There he was employed as a junior teacher at the Science and Technology Faculty of the Kossuth Lajos University of Debrecen. He assisted Ottó Varga (1909-1969) who founded the Hungarian school of differential geometry. In 1946 Gyires habilitated in linear algebra and analysis. He published several papers in 1949. In Funktionensysteme mit vertauschbaren Gramschen Matrizen Ⓣ he used matrix methods to find all real symmetric positive definite matrices which commute with a given matrix of the same type. In Darstellung symmetrischer regulärer Matrizen als Produkt von zueinander transponierten Matrizen Ⓣ he studied the general solution of the matrix equation XX′=FXX' = F, where FF is a real symmetric positive definite matrix. In Über die Faktorisation im Restklassenring mod m Ⓣ he looked at the number of solutions to the congruence 'fixed element a congruent to a product of r unknown elements (mod m)'.

In [3] the following summary of his career is given:-
Béla Gyires was a key personality at the Mathematics and Information Technology Institute of the Kossuth Lajos University of Science, which was a predecessor to the University of Debrecen. For many years he was director of the institute (1958-1974). He founded (1952), and headed for 30 years, the Department of Probability Calculation and Applied Mathematics. It was under his direction that the Computing Centre was formed in 1967. He was instrumental in ensuring that subjects as important and modern as probability calculation, mathematical statistics, computer science and information technology were incorporated into the university's curriculum. In 1972, it was at his instigation and under his direction that the courses in Programming Mathematics was introduced. He was the highly regarded and much loved mentor of generations of mathematics students.
In addition we mention that he was Dean of the Faculty of Sciences (1966-1969).

The authors of [1] write:-
He was an excellent mathematician and one of the best in the applications of mathematics. He devoted his life to university teaching and research. Professor Béla Gyires was an excellent lecturer, he had always a lot of students and many of them became teachers in secondary schools, university teachers and professors. His teaching and research had an impact not only on the University of Debrecen and Hungarian mathematics, but even on international scientific life. He published more than one hundred technical papers, one book, and numerous reports.
In [7] the main areas to which Gyires made major research contributions are listed these are:-
  1. Theory of matrices; permanent of doubly stochastic matrices.
  2. Probability theory, in particular matrix theory of extrapolation and (block) Toeplitz matrices, theory of stationary matrix-valued stochastic processes. Central limit theory for Markov chains, characterization by polynomial statistics.
  3. Mathematical statistics; doubly ordered linear rank statistics, linear rank statistics, approximations of two sample methods, decomposability of distribution functions.
In 1993, when he was 84 years of age, Gyires published the book Linear approximations in convex metric spaces and the application in the mixture theory of probability theory. Bartel W Huff writes in a review that:-
This book is really about abstract approximation theory.
Gyires received many honours. He was elected a corresponding member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1987 and a full member in 1990. He was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Debrecen in 1996 and was made a freeman of the city of Debrecen in the same year. In 1999, on his 90th birthday, he was awarded the Middle Cross Award of the Hungarian Republic having earlier, in 1980, been awarded the Hungarian National Prize. He also received the Pál Bugát medal (1985), the István Hatvani Prize (1993), and the John von Neumann Prize (1999). He was honorary president of the János Bolyai Mathematical Society and a honorary member of the János Neumann Society of Computer Science.

Gyires officially retired in 1979 but continued to teach and only in 1994, when he was 85 years old, was he made professor emeritus. Even after this he continued to undertake research in mathematics and his last paper, Contribution to Van der Waerden's conjecture appeared in 2001. He moved from Debrecen to Budapest with his wife where he spent the last years of his life near his daughter Klara who was a professor of pharmacology in that city. His wife Magdolna died in 2000 which was a severe blow to him. He outlived his wife by one year and was buried in Farkasrét cemetery in Budapest.

He is remembered by having a street in Debrecen named after him. Also the University of Debrecen makes the Gyires Béla Award for outstanding academic performance in the field of probability theory and applied mathematics. It is awarded every two years to a Hungarian citizen under the age of forty and was awarded for the first time in 2004. The award was set up on the initiative of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Béla Gyires' two children, Klara Gyires and Tibor Gyires, in 2003.
Other Mathematicians born in Croatia
A Poster of Béla Gyires

References (show)

  1. M Arató, G Fazekas, I Fazekas, J Kormos and G Pap, In memory of Béla Gyires (March 29, 1909-August 26, 2001), Publ. Math. Debrecen 60 (3-4) (2002), 235-244.
  2. Bela Gyires (1909-2001), Informatics Department, Debrecen University. http://www.inf.unideb.hu/kutatas/gybin/eletrajz.php
  3. Béla Gyires IT Lectures, Informatics Department, Debrecen University. http://www.inf.unideb.hu/eng/kutatas/gybin/index.php
  4. Editors, Béla Gyires, 1909-2001, Publ. Math. Debrecen 60 (3-4) (2002), 231-233.
  5. B Gyires, Jordan Károly élete és munkássága (The life and work of Károly Jordan), Alkalmazott Matematikai Lapok 1 (1975), 275-298.
  6. Indexed List of works of Béla Gyires, recipient of the 1980 State Prize (Hungarian), Mat. Lapok 30 (1-3) (1978/82), 1-3.
  7. T Kánto-Varga, G Pap and G Terdik, The 100th anniversary of Professor Béla Gyires birthday (Zagreb, March 29, 1909 - Budapest, August 26, 2001), Glasnik Matematicki 45 (65) (2010), 683-684.
  8. Mathematics: philosophy and art, Informatics Department, Debrecen University. http://www.inf.unideb.hu/kutatas/gybin/riport.htm

Additional Resources (show)

Written by J J O'Connor and E F Robertson
Last Update August 2016