Lucien Auguste Godeaux
Quick Info
Morlanwelz, Belgium
Liège, Belgium
Biography
Lucien Godeaux was the son of Auguste Godeaux (1850-1932) and his wife Léontine Godeaux (1848-1891), in fact he was their sixth child and only son. Auguste Godeaux had married his German cousin Léontine, the daughter of a brother of his father, in 1875. Of their five daughters, two died in infancy, and one Marthe-Augusta Godeaux (1876-1953) became famous as a poet and writer who published many works. For more information about Marthe-Augusta Godeaux, see [36].Auguste Godeaux had been born into a simple working-class family in Chapelle-lez-Herlaimont, Belgium. In 1864, at the age of 14, he joined the Nicolas Gambier workshops in Morlanwelz. Work began at five in the morning and ended at seven in the evening, six days a week. Later he became a steam locomotive fitter-assembler in the Haine-Saint-Pierre construction workshops, then, in 1867, he moved to the Mariemont coal mines as a maintenance fitter. He was able to work his way up through evening and weekend classes and studying books on his own. In 1883, he became director of the "École Industrielle" in Morlanwelz. Léon Bartholomé writes in [2]:-
A methodical mind, a stubborn, persevering and conscientious worker, a profoundly honest and just man, the son of a worker, a simple worker himself at the beginning of his career, Auguste Godeaux owed the position he occupied to his qualities alone; his life is a lesson and, something rare in such cases, he has been able to acquire perfect distinction.As director of the "École Industrielle" in Morlanwelz, Auguste Godeaux demanded a lot from his staff, but set an example through his own hard work. He published many works, for example in Publications of the Society of Engineers of Hainaut, in the Universal Review of Mines, in Technical Education and his reports were published in the acts of the Councils of Technical Education of the provinces of Hainaut and Brabant.
Lucien was only three years old when his mother died in 1891. Three years later his father Auguste Godeaux married a widow whose son, Raoul Le-chien (1881-1958), became director of the Auxiliary Electricity Company. Lucien, however, suffered much through the loss of his mother. His schooling began in Morlanwelz, continued at several Athenaeums, and for the final years of his secondary education he studied at the Athénée d'Ath. In this school he impressed his teachers with his remarkable abilities. He was introduced to higher mathematics by his teachers Prosper Junius, Armand Nollet and Modeste Soons. They not only taught Godeaux beyond the school syllabus but they also allowed him to study further advanced texts which they had in their own libraries. In 1905 Modeste Soons gave him a volume of the Memoirs of the Royal Society of Sciences of Liège containing two works, one written by Jacques Deruyts, the other by François Deruyts, which were a revelation to him. He also had access to his teachers' Mathesis collection and to the Bulletins of the Academy in the city of Ath library. He began to publish mathematical papers in 1905 while at the school in Alt, the first being in Mathesis. He then published Application des méthodes géomctrographiques au tracé mécanique des courbes planes Ⓣ in L'Enseignement mathématique in March 1906. The paper, written in December 1905, begins:-
In this short note, we propose to show how we could extend the ideas which form the basis of Geometrography to the tracing of plane curves by means of curvigraphs.He continued to develop these ideas in the paper Sur la géometrographiques des courbes planes Ⓣ, also published in 1906, and in the same year he published Sphères de Malfatti dans le tétraèdre régulier Ⓣ in Mathesis.
Lucien Godeaux was passionate about mathematics and wanted to study mathematics at the University of Liège. His father, however, wanted his son to become an engineer so, having graduated from the Athénée d'Ath in 1906, he enrolled at the École des Mines du Hainaut in Mons at the beginning of session 1906-7. Being a student engineer was not going to stop Godeaux continuing his passion for mathematics and he published a series of many papers. For example he submitted the three papers: 1. Sur un complexe du quatrième ordre Ⓣ; 2. Sur un complexe de Grassmann du sixième ordre et de la sixième classe Ⓣ; and 3. Construction d'un complexe formé par les plurisécantes d'un système de courbes planes Ⓣ to the Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique for publication. These papers, written while he was still at school, extended work in previous papers by Joseph Neuberg and Jacques Deruyts both of whom were professors of mathematics at the University of Liège. The papers were given to Joseph Neuberg to referee; he wrote in his report:-
I am bringing together in a single report the examination of these three small papers on ruled geometry. They are of some interest, because they relate to a relatively recent branch of mathematics and use the symbolic notations of Aronhold and Clebsch.Godeaux carried out the revisions suggested by Neuberg and the single paper combining the three was completed in December 1906 when he had just begun studying engineering at the École des Mines. His father, by now, realised that he had to accept that his son wanted to be a mathematician and not an engineer. He was allowed to end his studies at the École des Mines du Hainaut after one year and, in the autumn of 1907, he entered the University of Liège to study mathematics. He was taught by Neuberg and writes about this in [15]:-
The first work treats by two methods the complex of lines passing through a variable point of a plane α and a point of a conic of another plane β, the conic being linked to the first point by a biquadratic form. Only one of the two methods can succeed. Fr Deruyts had already studied in the Bulletin of our Académie (1892, p. 571) the complex of lines joining any point of a plane system α to any point of the corresponding line of a second plane system β reciprocal with the first. M Godeaux was inspired by this work; one can regret that his study is not more in-depth.
In the second work, the author studies a generalisation of the third-order complex that I studied, under the name of Grassmann complex, in Mathesis, 1902, page 221. He deals with the complex of lines that meet four groups of three planes given in groups of three points of a . The remarkable elements of this complex would have deserved a more developed examination.
Finally, the third memoir deals with the complex of straight lines that are based on m plane curves each belonging to a sheaf. The author finds the equation of the complex, but without pushing his research further.
In any case, these three notes could appear in the Bulletin under the common title; "On some particular complexes", after the author has improved and simplified the wording.
Neuberg was an excellent teacher, extremely benevolent and of boundless devotion. I only met him at the end of his career; at that time, the reputation of our Faculty attracted a considerable number of foreign students to Liège. Three times a week Neuberg gave three one-hour lessons in succession in front of overcrowded audiences, maintaining the attention of the students, and this without apparent fatigue. Even better, he often completed his morning with an exercise session for the students studying for doctorates in Physical and Mathematical Sciences, thus filling a serious gap in the official programmes.Through Jacques Deruyts, Godeaux was put in touch with Modeste Stuyvaert who had been awarded a doctorate by the University of Ghent for his thesis Étude de quelques surfaces algébriques engendrées par des courbes du second et du troisième ordre Ⓣ in 1902. Godeaux wrote in [14]:-
I met Stuyvaert in 1907; at that time, the study of the works of Fr Deruyts and his colleagues had excited me; our colleague was kind enough to take my first attempts into consideration and a regular correspondence was established between us; it lasted until the time when I left to go abroad to complete my studies. I have retained a deep gratitude for Stuyvaert's concern for me during these four years.Godeaux was awarded a doctorate in 1911 for his thesis Sur le lieu des points de contact double des surfaces de deux systèmes linéaires Ⓣ. By the time he was awarded his doctorate, Godeaux had already published over 60 papers. The paper [13] written by Godeaux's two sons, says that his political views made him travel abroad to complete his education:-
The homogeneous right-wing governments of the time closed the doors of the University to him (his father, a notable liberal, was in fact in the opposition), so he undertook to complete his education abroad.Invited to visit Bologna by Frederigo Enriques, Godeaux won the Travel Grant Competition and the University Competition in 1912 to fund his research visits and he set off to spend time in Bologna. After his visit to Bologna, Gordeaux continued his travels, spending time in Padua and Göttingen before going to Paris at the invitation of Émile Picard. As the political situation deteriorated in the summer of 1914, he realised that war was about to break out and on 1 August 1914 he returned to Belgium. Only three days later, German troops invaded Belgium so that they could attack France avoiding the fortifications along the boarder. Liège was attacked on 4 August and fell to the Germans on 7 August. Godeaux volunteered to fight in the Belgium army and in December 1914 he managed to get to the Yser Front. This front in the north west of Belgium had been held by the Belgium troops in the Battle of Yser in October 1914 and they continued to hold this for the rest of World War I. By the end of the war in 1918, Godeaux had reached the rank of second lieutenant but war had not prevented him from continuing his mathematical research and during the war years from 1914 to 1918 he still managed to publish around 20 papers mainly in French journals. He writes in [14]:-
The armistice of 1918 found us in a battery at Zwartegat, a small hamlet on the left bank of the Scheldt, south of Ghent; the very next day, I visited Stuyvaert, whom I found very worried about the state of health of his wife and, it seemed to me, a little embittered. Perhaps the very difficult years he had just lived through were the cause. Heart of gold, our brother had suffered deeply from seeing the principles of the most basic justice trampled underfoot for four years.In fact Godeaux had been awarded the Francois Deruyts Prize by the Royal Belgium Academy in 1914 for his researches in algebraic geometry. This Prize, established in 1902, had been awarded first to Modeste Stuyvaert. It was awarded every four years but, because of World War I, no award could be made in 1918. In fact the war prevented news of Godeaux winning the prize from becoming known and it was not until 1920 that the American Mathematical Society made the announcement [27]:-
The Belgium Academy of Sciences has awarded the Deruyts prize to Dr Lucien Godeaux, for his researches in algebraic geometry.Godeaux had met Maria Luthers in 1908 and they were married in 1919 [13]:-
In 1908, he had the chance to meet Maria Luthers who would become his wife in 1919 after three years of travelling abroad and four years spent on the Yser front. In his in-laws, he found the support and affection he lacked.Lucien and Maria Godeaux had two sons, Jean E A Godeaux, who became a university professor of zoology, and Paul Godeaux, who became a civil engineer.
Godeaux remained in military service at the end of World War I and in 1919 was appointed as a tutor in mathematics at the École Militaire on the Avenue de la Renaissance in Brussels. In the following year he was appointed as an extraordinary professor of analysis at the École Militaire. He wrote the article L'Enseignement des mathématiques a l'École Militaire de Belgique section de l'Artillerie et du Génie Ⓣ in June 1925 giving a detailed description of the mathematics teaching there [20]:-
Each theory taught is illustrated by at least two examples, and whenever possible, these examples are taken from the practical courses. The organisation of the École Militaire provides, after each lesson, a session in the study room of the same duration (1 h. 30 m.). During this session, the professor goes into the study room and provides the students with the explanations that they ask him for. If necessary, he provokes these requests for explanations. The students have at their disposal the text of the lessons, written by the School.In 1921, along with Alfred Errera and Théophile De Donder, Godeaux became a founder member of the Belgium Mathematical Society. Also in 1921 Godeaux was awarded the Class of Sciences Prize by the Royal Academy of Belgium.
Joseph Fairon (1863-1925), professor at the University of Liège, died in 1925 and Godeaux was appointed to succeed him; the professorship covered analytic, projective and higher geometry. His appointment was confirmed on the 30 December 1925 by the Minister of Arts and Education, Camille Huysmans.
Let us now look at one of Godeaux's passions, namely mathematical congresses. He attended the 1920 International Congress of Mathematicians in Strasbourg but his passion seems to have been born four years later at the 1924 International Congress of Mathematicians in Toronto. He sailed on the Suffren from Le Havre to New York, where he arrived on 5 August 1924. The list of passengers on this ship is remarkable for the large number of European mathematicians all on their way to Toronto. On entry to the United States, Godeaux gives the following personal data: Height, 5 ft 7 ins; Hair Colour, Auburn; Eye Colour, Blue; Complexion, Fair. He went to the 1924 Congress as an appointed representative of the Belgium Government, of the National Committee of Belgium Mathematicians and of the Belgium École Militaire. He lectured at the Congress giving the talk Sur les involutions régulières d'ordre deux, appartenant à une surface irrégulière Ⓣ in Section II, Geometry. His talk began:-
We have devoted some papers to the study of involutions having only a finite number of coincidence points, belonging to an algebraic surface. We propose to make known some results concerning involutions of this nature, regular, of order two, belonging to an irregular surface.He attended the 1928 International Congress of Mathematicians in Bologna and was President of the Section of Geometry II-A, which was held at 4 p.m. on Wednesday 5 September 1928. The following is published in the Proceedings:-
Some special cases are known: we have studied regular involutions of order two belonging to Jacobi and Picard surfaces, which leads to generalised Kummer surfaces. Another special case was considered by Georges Humbert and is related to curves of genus three.
Prof L Godeaux has left, in the Secretary's office, the following observations for publication:He gave the lecture Sur la théorie des surfaces et l'espace réglé Ⓣ in Section II-B on Thursday 6 September 1928.
"Several of the communications made this afternoon to the Section of Geometry II-A, meeting under the presidency of Prof Godeaux, dealt with Cremona transformations. Their authors were MM Fano, Emch, Snyder, Bydzovsky. Regarding the communication of M Fano, M Severi indicated the connection between some of the points encountered by the author and unpublished research that he had previously done. Other communications on algebraic varieties were made by MM Schaake, Torroja and Sisam. A last communication on hydrodynamics was made by M Riabouchinsky. The Section decided to send its greetings to Prof F Enriques (from Rome) currently in Buenos Aires and elected M Castelnuovo as President for the Thursday session of the Section of Geometry II-A"
He attended the 1932 Congress in Zurich. He was President of Section IIIa on Monday 5 September 1932. He also gave the lecture Remarques sur les involutions appartenant à une surface algébrique Ⓣ to Section IIIa on Wednesday 7 September 1932. Since Alfred Errera could not attend, he gave Errera's talk Sur un problème de M Bricard Ⓣ. He attended the 1936 Congress in Oslo and gave the talk Sur les involutions cycliques appartenant à une variété algébrique Ⓣ. The outbreak of World War II in 1939 prevented the International Congress of Mathematicians from meeting again until 1950.
Godeaux's enthusiasm for mathematical congresses led him to found Le Centre Belge de Recherches Mathématiques in 1948. You can read Godeaux's own account to this Research Centre and the conferences it organised at THIS LINK.
We continue to give details of his attendance at the International Congresses of Mathematicians since the titles of the lectures he gave tell us about his research interests. In 1950 he attended the Congress in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. He is listed as representing the Belgium Académie Royale, the Centre Belge de Recherches Mathématiques, the Comité Belge de Mathématiques and the University of Liège. On Thursday 31 August 1950 he delivered his lecture Singularités des points de diramation isolés des surfaces multiples Ⓣ to Section III Geometry and Topology. Four years later, he attended the 1954 Congress in Amsterdam with his wife. He gave the lecture Faisceaux de surfaces algébriques irrégulières Ⓣ in Section IIIc and was the chair of Section IIIb on Monday 6 September 1954. It is also worth noting that Beniamino Segre gave the lecture Geometry on an algebraic variety in Symposium B Algebraic Geometry in which he referenced eight of Godeaux's papers. He attended the 1958 Congress in Edinburgh, Scotland and gave the lecture Construction de surfaces projectivement canoniques Ⓣ. He attended the 1962 Congress in Stockholm, Sweden and delivered the lecture Surfaces algébriques régulières dépourvues de courbe canonique possédant un système bicanonique irréductible Ⓣ.
In 1946, Godeaux took over the chair of analysis and algebra at the University of Liège from his late colleague Louis Fouarge; he off-loaded his previous courses to Octave Rozet (1907-1983), with the exception of higher geometry. This arrangement continued until he retired and was awarded emeritus status in 1958.
As a lecturer, he always appeared to be presenting the material without having any lecture notes. The lectures were exciting and it looked as though they were spontaneous. He had, however, always carefully prepared each lecture before giving it and written down on a tiny piece of paper the statements of the results to be dealt with that day.
Let us note that Godeaux's publication record is extraordinary. He published at least 21 books. We give details of these at THIS LINK.
He was much interested in the history of mathematics and wrote papers on the topic and the book Esquisse d'une histoire des mathématiques en Belgique Ⓣ (1943). Jean Pelseneer begins his review [29] as follows:-
It is with great pleasure that we have read the little book by M Lucien Godeaux. This 'Sketch' will render the most useful service not only to the student, but to the specialist in the history of science and, more generally, to the cultivated man. The 'Sketch of a History of Mathematical Sciences in Belgium', which could also be entitled, to a certain extent, "Sketch of the History of Physical Sciences", constitutes a substantial contribution to the already considerable historical work of the eminent geometer of the University of Liège; moreover and above all, it represents the most extensive overall work devoted to the subject since the publication of Quetelet's two volumes some eighty years ago.In addition, Godeaux wrote biographies for the Biographie nationale, published by the Académie Royale des Sciences des Lettres et de Beau-arts.
We list 50 such biographies at THIS LINK.
As we mentioned above, the number of publications by Godeaux is almost unbelievable. His own list of his publications contains over 1200 works. Of these, about 700 are listed in MathSciNet. Jean Mawhin sums up his contributions in [25]:-
It is very difficult to describe in a few words Godeaux's contributions to algebraic geometry and differential projective geometry ... . He was the initiator and the main architect of the theory of involutions on algebraic surfaces. The scale of his scientific work is almost unique in the history of mathematics: some 1200 titles, ranging from original notes and memoirs in Belgian and foreign scientific journals to research monographs, including didactic and popular works and works on the history of science. Each volume of the Bulletin de la Classe des Sciences de l'Académie Royale de Belgique, between 1921 and 1975, contains at least one note by Godeaux and, among the first 44 volumes of the Bulletin de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liège, from 1932 to 1975, there are only volumes 23, 29 and 36 to which Godeaux did not contribute, an infidelity largely compensated by the five or six articles that the other volumes contain, on average.Despite the incredible amount of mathematics produced by Godeaux, he found time to devote to other causes. Paul Delforge writes in [8]:-
Even if the progress of abstract algebra, topology and the theory of functions of several complex variables have profoundly transformed the face of algebraic geometry, compared to the Italian tradition which Godeaux remained steeped in, the work of our compatriot remains cited in recent publications and Godeaux surfaces (non-rational surfaces of zero arithmetic and geometric genera) are still at the center of contemporary research.
The mathematician was also interested in public affairs, in the defence of language but especially in the rights of peoples. Co-founder of the Liège section of the Ligue des Intellectuels wallons (1938), he was one of the promoters of the Association for the Intellectual and Artistic Progress of Wallonia, which he chaired from 1943. Vice-president of the Walloon National Congress held in Liège on 20 and 21 October 1945, he spoke out in favour of federalism. Summarising Walloon grievances in cultural matters, he expressed concern about the disappearance of French-speaking centres in Flanders, the progressive Flemishisation of Belgian structures and a waste of financial resources through sprinkling justified by purely linguistic concerns. In 1947, he was one of the signatories of the petition La Wallonie en alerte, denouncing the marginalisation of the Walloon country. Active in Walloon movements until the 1960s, he was, without a doubt, one of the pillars of the Association for the Intellectual and Artistic Progress of Wallonia.We have mentioned above some of the awards given to Godeaux. There were other prestigious awards which he received including in 1940 the Prix Poncelet from the French Academy of Sciences and in 1950 the Decennial Prize for Pure Mathematical Sciences for the period 1934-1943 from the Royal Academy of Belgium. He was a member of the Belgium Mathematical Society, the French Mathematical Society, the Spanish Mathematical Society, the Italian Mathematical Union and the Polish Mathematical Society. He received honorary doctorates from, among others, the University of Bordeaux in 1947, the University of Lille in 1955, the University of Aix-Marseille in 1956 and the University of Dijon in 1957. From 1962 to 1965, he chaired the Union of Latin-speaking Mathematicians.
Godeaux died in Liège in 1975 at the age of 87 and he was buried in the Robermont Cemetery. In 1985, the Société Royale des Sciences de Liège set up the Lucien Godeaux Prize in Mathematics, one of four prizes awarded in honour of the 150th anniversary of the founding of the Society. The prize is awarded every five years. The Belgium Mathematical Society set up the Godeaux Lecture Prize which was first awarded in 2007.
See THIS LINK.
References (show)
- N Altshiller-Court, Review: La Géométrie, by Lucien Godeaux, The American Mathematical Monthly 39 (10) (1932), 597.
- L Bartholomé Auguste Godeaux, ingénieur, directeur d'écoles techniques (1850-1932), Biographie Nationale XXXIII (1965), 369.
- A A Bennett, Review: Les Géométries, by Lucien Godeaux, The American Mathematical Monthly 45 (7) (1938), 465.
- P Brunet, Review: Esquisse d'une histoire des mathématiques en Belgique, by Lucien Godeaux, Revue d'histoire des sciences et de leurs applications 1 (1) (1947), 82-86.
- S Cinquini, Lucien Godeaux, Rendiconti dell'Istituto Lombardo di Scienze e Lettere 109 (Milan, 1975), 169-172.
- N A Court, Review: Les Géométries, by Lucien Godeaux, Books Abroad 12 (3) (1938), 321.
- H S M Coxeter, Review: Leçons de géométrie projective (2nd edition), by Lucien Godeaux, Mathematical Reviews MR0047339 (13,861l).
- P Delforge, Godeaux, Lucien, Connaitre la Wallonie (2024).
https://connaitrelawallonie.wallonie.be/fr/wallons-marquants/dictionnaire-des-wallons/godeaux-lucien - L Derwidué, Hommage au professeur Lucien Godeaux, Publication du Centre belge de recherches mathématiques (1968), 11-18.
- P du Val, Review: Géométrie algébrique. Volumes 1, 2, by Lucien Godeaux, Mathematical Reviews MR0036533 (12,124d).
- P du Val, Review: Les transformations birationnelles du plan (Second Edition), by Lucien Godeaux, Mathematical Reviews MR0054282 (14,898b).
- J Godeaux, Lucien Godeaux, Gazette des Mathématiciens (Montpellier, 1975), 101-105.
- J Godeaux and P Godeaux, Lucien Godeaux (1887-1975). Sa vie, son oeuvre, Bulletin de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liège 64 (1995), 3-77.
- L Godeaux, Notice sur Modeste Stuyvaert mit Bibliografie, Académie royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique: Annuaire de l'Académie (Brussels, 1937), 1-30.
- L Godeaux, Joseph Neuberg, Mathesis (1926), 241-244.
- L Godeaux, Neuberg, Jean-Baptiste-Joseph, mathématicien (1840-1926), Biographie Nationale XXX, 635.
- L Godeaux, Deruyts, Joseph-Gustave-Jacques, mathématicien (1862-1945), Biographie Nationale XXX, 332.
- L Godeaux, Stuyvaert, Modeste-Léon-Marie, mathématicien (1866-1932), Biographie Nationale XXX, 767.
- L Godeaux, Les géométries (Armand Col, Paris, 1952).
- L Godeaux,L'Enseignement des mathématiques a l'École Militaire de Belgique section de l'Artillerie et du Génie, L'Enseignement mathématique 24 (1924-25), 291-296.
- T G, Review: Les Géométries, by Lucien Godeaux, Nature 143 (1939), 424.
- T R Hollcroft, Review: Introduction à la géométrie supérieure (2nd edition), by Lucien Godeaux, Mathematical Reviews MR0050914 (14,401e).
- H Hornich, Review: Questions non résolues de Géométrie Algébrique, by Lucien Godeaux, Monatshefte für Mathematik und Physik 41 (1934), A18.
- F Jongmans, Godeaux, Lucien Auguste, in Nouvelle Biographie Nationale (Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-arts de Belgique, 1997), 188-191.
- J Mawhin, Les mathématiques, in R Halleux, J Vandersmissen A Despy-Meyer and G Vanpaemel (eds.), Histoire des sciences en Belgique 1815-2000 (Dexia-Renaissance du Livre, Brussels, 2001), 99-115.
- Review: Les géométries, by Lucien Godeaux, Les Études philosophiques, Nouvelle Série 14 (2) (1959), 221,
- Notes, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 26 (3) (1920), 138.
- B d'Orgeval, Review: Théorie des involution cycliques appartenant à une surface algébrique et applications, by Lucien Godeaux, Mathematical Reviews MR0155221 (27 #5160).
- J Pelseneer, Review: Esquisse d'une histoire des mathématiques en Belgique, by Lucien Godeaux, Ciel et Terre 61 (7-8) (1945), 1-3.
- D B Scott, Review: Correspondances entre deux courbes algébriques, by Lucien Godeaux, Mathematical Reviews MR0040031 (12,632d).
- B Segre, Lucien Godeaux, Bollettino dell'Unione matematica italiana 11 (Bologna, 1975), 639-644.
- V Snyder, Review: Questions non résolues de Géométrie Algébrique, by Lucien Godeaux, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 40 (1934), 519.
- V Snyder, Review: Les Surfaces Algébriques non Rationnelles de Genre Arithmétique et Géométrique Nuls, by Lucien Godeaux, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 41 (1935), 170.
- V Snyder, Review: La Théorie des Surfaces et l'Espace Réglé: (Géométrie Projective Différentielle), by Lucien Godeaux, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 41 (1935), 14.
- V Snyder, Review: Les Involutions Cycliques Appartenant à une Surface Algébrique, by Lucien Godeaux, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 42 (11) (1936), 797-798.
- A Soreil, Godeaux, Marthe-Augusta, écrivain (1876-1953), Biographie Nationale XXXV, 307.
- J A Todd, Review: Les Involutions Cycliques Appartenant à une Surface Algébrique, by Lucien Godeaux, The Mathematical Gazette 20 (240) (1936), 290-291.
- J I Tracey, Review: Leçons de Géométrie Projective, by Lucien Godeaux, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 40 (1934), 520.
Additional Resources (show)
Other pages about Lucien Godeaux:
Other websites about Lucien Godeaux:
Cross-references (show)
Written by J J O'Connor and E F Robertson
Last Update March 2025
Last Update March 2025