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1. Painleve ICM1904 - MacTutor History of Mathematics

   https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Extras/Painleve_ICM1904/

   7 Mar 2023: It was the scientific study of natural phenomena which had guided Newton and Leibniz, like their predecessors, to their definitive discoveries: once the two fundamental notions of integral and differential had ... The development of the new science,

2. Calculus history - MacTutor History of Mathematics

   https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/The_rise_of_calculus/

   18 Jan 2024: Internat. Hist. Sci. (N.S.) 3 (1950), 542-554. E Giusti, A comparison of infinitesimal calculus in Leibniz and Newton (Italian), Rend. ... Sem. Mat. Univ. Politec. Torino 46 (1) (1988), 1-29. N Guicciardini, Three traditions in the calculus : Newton,

3. Gottfried Leibniz (1646 - 1716) - Biography - MacTutor History of…

   https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Leibniz/

   30 Dec 2023: and Philos. Sci. 6 (2) (1975), 87-111. G V Coyne, Newton's controversy with Leibniz over the invention of the calculus, in Newton and the new direction in science (Vatican ... E Giusti, A comparison of infinitesimal calculus in Leibniz and Newton (Italian

4. Valdivia Infinity - MacTutor History of Mathematics

   https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Extras/Valdivia_Infinity/

   7 Mar 2023: The determination of each of these in terms of the other is the essence of the infinitesimal calculus invented independently by Newton and Leibniz in the 1660-1670 decade. ... In spite of Berkeley's objections, the first book of infinitesimal calculus,

5. Isaac Newton (1643 - 1727) - Biography - MacTutor History of…

   https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Newton/

   11 Jan 2024: Histoire Sci. 40 (3-4) (1987), 251-271. G V Coyne, Newton's controversy with Leibniz over the invention of the calculus, in Newton and the new direction in science (Vatican ... Issled. 20 (1988), 39-55. E Giusti, A comparison of infinitesimal calculus in

6. Keisler books - MacTutor History of Mathematics

   https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Extras/Keisler_books/

   7 Mar 2023: In the 1670's, Leibniz and Newton developed the calculus based on the intuitive notion of infinitesimals. ... This concept is the infinitesimal, or infinitely small number. The calculus was originally developed in the 1670's by Leibniz and Newton using

7. Andrew Forsyth addresses the British Association in 1905 - MacTutor…

   https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Extras/BA_1905_1/

   7 Mar 2023: for Newton and Leibniz were yet unborn. ... That century also saw the discovery of the fluxional calculus by Newton, and of the differential calculus by Leibniz.

8. Biography of Mathematics - MacTutor History of Mathematics

   https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Extras/Reflections_on_Mathematics/

   7 Mar 2023: The concept of limit is the foundation of Newton's and Leibniz's Infinitesimal Calculus, so that the method of exhaustion can be considered as the germ of this important chapter ... The honour of constructing the theory of local approximation corresponded