János Kollár


Quick Info

Born
7 June 1956
Budapest, Hungary

Summary
János Kollár is Hungarian born mathematician who has spent his career in the United States. He has proved remarkable results in algebraic geometry which have led to him receiving a number of major prizes such as the Frank Nelson Cole Prize in Algebra, the Frederic Esser Nemmers Prize in Mathematics, the Shaw Prize in Mathematical Sciences and János Bolyai International Mathematics Award.

Biography

János Kollár is the son of Lajos Kollár (1926-2004), an Hungarian civil engineer. In fact he was the oldest of his parents six children. His brother László Péter Kollár was born on 4 January 1958 and he, like his father, became a civil engineer. He became Secretary General of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and professor at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Structural Engineering. László Péter Kollár was awarded the Széchenyi Prize in 2015 for his scientific career. Other siblings of János Kollár went on to become well-known musicians. Let us return to the biography of János Kollár.

János was keen on reading when he was a child, in particular enjoying adventure stories, history and science. This love of reading became more important to him when, at age eight, he developed a stammer. His stammer, quite severe at first, gradually improved over the years. When his stammer developed he was at elementary school and performing adequately being ranked around the middle of his class. He did, however, perform well in subjects which he found interesting and his parents felt that a good secondary school would give him the motivation to do better. They sent him to the Piarist Gymnasium of Budapest for his secondary school education.

The Piarist Gymnasium of Budapest was founded in 1717. It had been nationalised in 1948 but from 1950 the Piarists had made an agreement with the state to allow the school to operate under state management. When Kollár studied at the Gymnasium the school was situated in Mikszáth Kálmán Square in Budapest. It provided top quality education with some exceptional teachers. Kollár wrote [30]:-
After getting many failing grades in the first weeks, I came to understand that I had to work hard, and by the end of the first year I was near the top of my class. This was really the experience that started me on the path toward knowledge and science. My two most influential teachers were János Pogány, who taught mathematics, and Zoltán Fórián-Szabó, who taught physics and chemistry.
János Pogány (1907-1983) was nearing the end of his career when he taught Kollár. He had taught at the Piarist high schools in Vácot, Debrecen, Szabadka, before taking up the position in Budapest. Comments from his pupils included:-
János Pogány was a very passionate person, he experienced every stupidity or ignorance of a pupil as a personal pain, or as an insult ... He was impressive and terrifying ..

He was terrifying and had a heart of gold. A lion and worthy of love. He roared, but if he was offended, he spoke so softly that you could hear the buzzing of a fly. ... Those who were captivated by him became outstanding scientists.
Zoltán Fórián-Szabó (1941-2015) had studied at Piarist schools before studying physics and chemistry at Eötvös Loránd University. He graduated in 1968 having been ordained a priest in the previous year. He began teaching at the Piarist Gymnasium of Budapest in 1968 and Kollár was one of the first pupils he taught there.

At the Piarist Gymnasium Kollár showed outstanding mathematical abilities. He became involved in mathematical competitions and, showing exceptional problem solving skills, he was invited to take part in the monthly meetings of the most promising Hungarian students who were being trained as possible competitors in the International Mathematical Olympiad. Kollár was chosen to participate in the 1973 International Mathematical Olympiad held in Moscow from 5 July 5 to 16 July. He was ranked 4th best student having scored 97.58% and was awarded a Gold Medal. In that year Hungary was ranked second, the top place going to the USSR. In 1974 he was again selected to represent Hungary in the International Mathematical Olympiad this time held in Erfurt and East Berlin from 4 July 5 to 17 July. He scored 100%, was ranked as the best competitor, and again was awarded a Gold Medal. Hungary were ranked third in 1974 with USSR taking first place with USA second.

In Hungary at this time there was compulsory military service and Kollár undertook this for a year after graduating from the Piarist Gymnasium. In 1975 he enrolled at Eötvös Loránd University in Budapest to study for a degree in mathematics. In his first year of study he was strongly influenced by László Babai, better known as known as Laci. Babai had been born in Budapest in 1950, had won a gold medal at the International Mathematical Olympiad held in Moscow in 1968, had studied mathematics at Eötvös Loránd University (1968-1973), and had been awarded a Ph.D. from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1975. The next professor to have a major influence on Kollár was Ervin Fried. He had been born in Budapest in 1929, had studied for a Ph.D. at Eötvös Loránd University advised by László Fuchs and was awarded the degree in 1959. Fried had spent 1970-71 and 1974-75 in North America in the years before he taught Kollár.

Very early in his undergraduate career Kollár began publishing papers. Although he only began his university career in 1975, by 1977 he had two papers in print and at least five further papers submitted for publication. The two in print were The category of idempotent 2-unary algebras, containing a given subalgebra and (with Ervin Fried) Automorphism groups of fields. On 6 April 1977 the Canadian Journal of Mathematics received the paper Hamiltonian cubic graphs and centralizers of involutions authored by László Babai, Péter Frankl, János Kollár and Gert Sabidussi. The paper, published in 1979, has the following Abstract:-
In 1948, R Frucht proved that, given a finite group GG, there are infinitely many connected cubic graphs XX such that the automorphism group AutXAut X is isomorphic to GG. In a letter, Professor Frucht has proposed the problem, whether in addition XX can be required to be hamiltonian. One of the aims of the present note is to answer this question affirmatively.
On 15 August 1977 the Journal of Algebra received Kollár's paper Some subcategories of integral domains. It was published in 1979 and has the following Introduction:-
Fried and Sichler have proved that the category of integral domains of characteristic zero is strongly binding. [Note. A category is said to be binding if every algebraic category can be fully embedded in it.] They conjectured (oral communication by E Fried) that no "natural" subcategory of this category is binding. The aim of this paper is to disprove this conjecture.
Three further single-author papers by Kollár were received by journals in 1977 and published in 1979. These are: The category of unary algebras containing a given subalgebra, I, received by Acta Mathematica Academiae Scientiarum Hungarica on 29 August 1977; Congruences and one element subalgebras, received by Algebra Universalis on 23 September 1977; and Interpolation property in semigroups, received by Semigroup Forum on 28 September 1977. One further paper, both received and published in 1978 was Automorphism groups of algebraic number fields authored by Ervin Fried and János Kollár. It has the following abstract:-
It is proved that to any finite group G there exists a finite algebraic extension of the field of rationals whose automorphism group is isomorphic to G. This answers in the affirmative a weakened form of a question of Emmy Noether on the existence of fields with prescribed Galois group.
We should comment that it is a remarkable achievement for Kollár to have had twelve papers in print before he was awarded his undergraduate degree in 1980, and also note the major international journals in which these are published. Not surprisingly given his outstanding research abilities, Kollár won prizes during his undergraduate years. In 1978 he won the Rényi prize for undergraduate research. He took part in the Miklós Schweitzer Competition in both 1979 and 1980 and won first prize in both these years. The Miklós Schweitzer Competition, founded in 1949, is an annual competition for Hungarian university students. It is named after Miklós Schweitzer (1923-1945), a young Jewish Hungarian mathematician who was killed by the Nazis shortly before the Siege of Budapest in World War II. Competitors are given difficult problems, set by leading Hungarian mathematicians, each requiring deep knowledge of the various areas of mathematics to which they relate. The students then have ten days to work on the problems before handing in their solutions.

Not only was Kollár producing a wonderful collection of papers and winning competitions during his undergraduate career but he was also learning a branch of mathematics on his own [30]:-
László Babai and Ervin Fried told me that there was this large branch of mathematics, called algebraic geometry, which was completely unknown in Hungary at that time. So I decided to learn it. For two years I worked completely alone, with only a few books. It was slow going, with nobody to consult, but it resulted in my learning the foundations very well. After that I spent two semesters in Moscow as an exchange student, where I attended the lectures of Vasilii Iskovskikh and Yuri Manin, and the seminar of Igor Shafarevich.
Vasilii Iskovskikh (1939-2009) specialised in algebraic geometry and, although only two years younger than Yuri Manin, had been advised by him and had attended Igor Shafarevich's seminar. Kollár, who was employed as a research assistant at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1980-81, wrote the Russian paper Higher-dimensional Fano varieties of large index (Russian), published in 1981 and, strongly supported by Iskovskikh, Manin and Shafarevich, applied to Moscow University to undertake studies for a Ph.D. To gain entry he had to take a Marxism-Leninism examination and, to his surprise, was failed by the examiner. He commented later in life, however [30]:-
I was very disheartened, but this turned out to be one of the great lucky twists in my life.
David Eisenbud, a professor at Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts, United States, had visited Hungary and met Kollár during his undergraduate studies. Having failed to be accepted by Moscow and keen to study for a Ph.D. where there were experts in algebraic geometry, Kollár wrote to Eisenbud asking if it would be possible for him to study for a Ph.D. in the United States. Without a formal application from Kollár, Eisenbud arranged for a full scholarship for him to undertake graduate studies at Brandeis University. He arrived there in 1981 and was assigned Teruhisa Matsusaka as his thesis advisor. Matsusaka (1926-2006) had been born in Japan, studied Kyoto University receiving a Ph.D. in 1954 for a thesis on algebraic geometry. André Weil had invited him to Chicago in 1954 and after three years there, followed by three years at Northwestern University and a year at the Institute for Advanced Study, he had joined Brandeis University in 1961. Within a year of arriving at Brandeis University, Kollár and his advisor Matsusaka had written a major paper, namely Riemann-Roch Type Inequalities. They submitted the paper, dedicated to the 77th birthday of André Weil, to the American Journal of Mathematics in September 1982. Kollár also wrote the paper The moduli of curves is stably rational for g ≤ 6 with Frank-Olaf Schreyer who was a Ph.D. student at Brandeis University advised by David Eisenbud. Kollár was awarded a Ph.D. by Brandeis University in 1984 for his thesis Canonical Threefolds.

It was at Brandeis University that Kollár met Jennifer Johnson whom he would later marry. She was studying mathematics and was awarded a Ph.D. in 1989 for her thesis Fourier-Jacobi Expansions of Eisenstein Series. They have a daughter Alicia Jennifer Kollár, born about 1990 in Salt Lake City. Jennifer Johnson went on to become a Lecturer in Mathematics at Princeton University. Alicia Kollár received her B.A. in Physics from Princeton University in 2010 and her Ph.D. from Stanford University in 2016. She is (in 2025) Chesapeake Assistant Professor in the Department of Physics of the University of Maryland. Although Alicia spent her early years in Salt Lake City, by the time she began her secondary education she was in Princeton. We quote from [6]:-
A direct collaboration with pure mathematicians is uncommon for a physicist, particularly an experimentalist. But Alicia Kollár is no stranger to mathematics. Raised by two mathematicians in Princeton, New Jersey, she was exposed to the discipline early on. However, Alicia Kollár said her parents didn't pressure her to pursue mathematics growing up.

"It never crossed my dad's mind to try to force me to do what he loved," Alicia Kollár said. "He considered that pointless, like 'You should go into research for you, not for somebody else's expectations.'"

Her father, János Kollár, a professor of mathematics at Princeton, had a slightly different take.

"She was always interested in science, so I didn't need to apply any influence," he said. "If she was only interested in rock music it might have been different."
In 1983 János Kollár, at Brandeis University, was awarded an IBM Graduate Predoctoral Fellowship, then in 1984 he became a Junior Fellow, Society of Fellows, Harvard University. This enabled him to spend from April to July 1985 at Nagoya University in Japan. At this time he began a collaboration with Shigefumi Mori. Kollár wrote [30]:-
This turned out to have a decisive influence on my work, both in our joint papers, books and in my work ever since.
Kollár made two research visits in 1986, first to the École Polytechnique in Paris where he spent July, and then from September to December to the School of Mathematics at the Institute for Advanced Studies at Princeton.

After spending 1984-87 as a Junior Fellow at Harvard University, Herb Clemens, a professor at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City who was an expert in complex algebraic geometry, offered Kollár an Associate Professorship at the University of Utah. He accepted and spent the next twelve year at the University of Utah. During these years he received several honours: Presidential Young Investigator (1988); awarded an A P Sloan Fellowship (1989); given the University of Utah Distinguished Research Award (1992); and elected an External Member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (1995). He made research visits: Max Planck Institut, Germany, March 1988, Nagoya University, Japan, August 1988; the IHES, France, June 1989 and Orsay, France, June-July 1999.

At the University of Utah in Salt Lake City Kollár was Associate Professor (1987-1990), Professor (1990-1994) and Distinguished Professor (1994-1999). He organised [30]:-
... three intense Summer Seminars where dozens of young algebraic geometers came together to work on the rapidly developing minimal model programme, the moduli theory of canonical models and the early stages of the study of rationally connected varieties. These three topics have been the main areas of my research ever since.
Shigefumi Mori made research visits to the University of Utah for periods during 1987-89 and again during 1991-92. During the years 1987-1999, Mori and Kollár wrote five joint research papers and two books. The books are Higher-dimensional complex geometry (1988) and Birational geometry of algebraic varieties (1998). The first of these has three authors, Kollár, Mori and Clemens, the third being Herbert Clemens who invited Kollár to the University of Utah.
For more information about these two books and seven other books written by Kollár, see THIS LINK.

In 1999 Kollár moved to Princeton University where he continues to work. Over the following years he was awarded several major mathematics prizes: the Frank Nelson Cole Prize in Algebra (2006); the Frederic Esser Nemmers Prize in Mathematics (2016); the Shaw Prize in Mathematical Sciences (2017); and the János Bolyai International Mathematics Award (2025).
We give details about these awards and Kollárs work which led to the awards at THIS LINK.

In addition to these prizes, he has received many other honours. In 1990, Kollár was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Kyoto, in 1996 he gave one of the plenary addresses at the European Mathematical Congress in Budapest, he gave the American Mathematical Society Colloquium Lectures at the New Orleans Annual Meeting in 2001, he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2005, he was a plenary speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians held in 2014 in Seoul, and he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2016. The American Academy of Arts and Sciences gives this summary of Kollár's contributions [23]:-
For thirty years János Kollár has researched geometrically oriented algebraic geometry. Besides providing many positive results, he has worked to guide the direction of the field by locating and opening up productive new avenues of investigation. Among other areas, his work has focused on the study of minimal models and their singularities; the analysis of rational and rationally connected varieties; the study of fundamental groups and universal covering spaces of algebraic varieties; the topology of real algebraic threefolds; and compactifications of moduli spaces.
Let us end with a quote from János Kollár [16]:-
What I especially like is when I teach a class of non-mathematicians and then at the end of the year one or two students usually come to me and say "I would like to be a mathematician now."


References (show)

  1. 2006 Cole Prize in Algebra, Notices of the American Mathematical Society 53 (4) (2006), 472-473.
  2. D Abramovich, Review: Lectures on resolution of singularities, by János Kollár, Mathematical Reviews MR2289519 (2008f:14026).
  3. D Abramovich, Review: Lectures on resolution of singularities, by János Kollár, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 48 (1) (2011), 115-122.
  4. T De Fernex, Review: Singularities of the minimal model program, by János Kollár, Mathematical Reviews MR3057950.
  5. M Fellman, Nemmers Prizes in Economics and Mathematics Announced: Richard Blundell and János Kollár recognized for outstanding contributions, Northwestern in the News, Northwestern University (7 April 2016).
    https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2016/04/nemmers-prize-economics-mathematics-richard-blundell-janos-kollar/
  6. D Genkina, Alicia Kollár Bridges Abstract Math with Realities of the Lab, Department of Physics, University of Maryland (15 March 2022).
    https://umdphysics.umd.edu/about-us/news/department-news/1760-kollar.html
  7. M Gross, Review: Birational geometry of algebraic varieties, by János Kollár and Shigefumi Mori, Mathematical Reviews MR1658959 (2000b:14018).
  8. János Kollár, Princeton University (2025).
    https://web.math.princeton.edu/~kollar/
  9. János Kollár, Department of Mathematics, Princeton University (2025).
    https://www.math.princeton.edu/people/janos-kollar
  10. János Kollár, Mathematics Genealogy Project (2025).
    https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=20125
  11. János Kollár, Ph.D.: Donner Professor of Science and Professor of Mathematics, Princeton University, Simons Foundation (2025).
    https://www.simonsfoundation.org/people/janos-kollar/
  12. János Kollár, Institute for Advanced Study (2025).
    https://www.ias.edu/scholars/jános-kollár
  13. János Kollár, International Mathematical Olympiad (2025).
    http://www.imo-official.org/participant_r.aspx?id=10268
  14. János Kollár: Curriculum Vitae, Princeton University (2025).
    https://web.math.princeton.edu/~kollar/FromMyHomePage/janosvita2022.pdf
  15. János Kollár: Bibliography, Princeton University (2025).
    https://web.math.princeton.edu/~kollar/FromMyHomePage/janosbib2022.pdf
  16. János Kollár: Laureate Video, Hong Kong Laureate Forum (23 May 2017).
    https://hklaureateforum.org/en/shaw-prize/209-janos-kollar-revised
  17. János Kollár, external member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, awarded the János Bolyai International Mathematics Award, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (7 April 2025).
    https://mta.hu/english/janos-kollar-external-member-of-the-hungarian-academy-of-sciences-awarded-the-janos-bolyai-international-mathematics-award-114313
  18. János Kollár Awarded the János Bolyai International Mathematics Award, Department of Mathematics, Princeton University (2025).
    https://www.math.princeton.edu/news/janos-kollar-awarded-janos-bolyai-international-mathematics-award
  19. János Kollár, External Member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences awarded the Frederic Esser Nemmers Prize in Mathematics 2016, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (29 November 2016).
    https://mta.hu/english/janos-kollar-external-member-of-the-hungarian-academy-of-sciences-awarded-the-frederic-esser-nemmers-prize-in-mathematics-2016-107215
  20. Y Kawamata, Review: Birational geometry of algebraic varieties, by János Kollár and Shigefumi Mori, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 38 (2) (2001), 267-272.
  21. K Kuo, Review: Shafarevich maps and automorphic forms, by János Kollár, Mathematical Reviews MR1341589 (96i:14016).
  22. P Nielsen, Review: Higher-dimensional complex geometry, by Herbert Clemens, János Kollár and Shigefumi Mori, Mathematical Reviews MR1004926 (90j:14046).
  23. Professor János Kollár, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2025).
    https://www.amacad.org/person/janos-kollar
  24. Y G Prokhorov, Review: Rational curves on algebraic varieties, by János Kollár, Mathematical Reviews MR1440180 (98c:14001).
  25. A V Pukhlikov, Review: Rational and nearly rational varieties, by János Kollár, Karen E Smith and Alessio Corti, Mathematical Reviews MR2062787 (2005i:14063).
  26. M Reid, Review: Rational curves on algebraic varieties, by János Kollár, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 38 (1) (2000), 109-115.
  27. The 2017 Shaw Prize in Mathematical Sciences, The Shaw Prize (2025).
    https://www.shawprize.org/laureates/2017-mathematical-sciences/
  28. The 2017 Shaw Prize in Mathematical Sciences: Contribution of János Kollár & Claire Voisin, The Shaw Prize (2025).
    https://www.shawprize.org/laureates/2017-mathematical-sciences/?type=Contribution
  29. The 2017 Shaw Prize in Mathematical Sciences: An Essay on the Prize, The Shaw Prize (2025).
    https://www.shawprize.org/laureates/2017-mathematical-sciences/?type=Essay&laureate=1
  30. The 2017 Shaw Prize in Mathematical Sciences: Autobiography of János Kollár, The Shaw Prize (2025).
    https://www.shawprize.org/autobiography/janos-kollar/
  31. C Xu, Review: Families of varieties of general type, by János Kollár, Mathematical Reviews MR4566297.

Additional Resources (show)

Other pages about János Kollár:

  1. János Kollár Books
  2. János Kollár Awards

Honours (show)


Written by J J O'Connor and E F Robertson
Last Update September 2025