Andrew Alexander Ranicki
Quick Info
London, England
Edinburgh, Scotland
Biography
Andrew Ranicki was originally named Andrzej Aleksander Ranicki. He was the only child of Marcel Reich (1920-2013) and Teofila Langnas (1920-2011). Marcel Reich was born on 2 June 1920 in Włocławek, Poland and educated in Berlin at the Fichte Gymnasium. After the award of his arbitur he applied to the University of Berlin but was rejected since he was a Jew. After Kristallnacht in November 1938 he was deported from Berlin to Poland. After the German invasion of Poland, by November 1939 Marcel Reich and his parents were all in the Warsaw Ghetto. There he met Teofila Langnas, known as Tosia, who had been born Łódź, Poland, on 12 March 1920. She had been accepted to study art in Paris but the outbreak of World War II made that impossible. Tosia and her parents were also put into the Warsaw Ghetto where her father committed suicide on 21 January 1940, the same day on which Marcel and Tosia met. They were married in the Warsaw Ghetto on 22 July 1942 and escaped from the Ghetto in February 1943. Until September 1944 they were hidden outside Warsaw in the basement of the house of the Polish couple Bolek and Genia Gawin who risked certain death for themselves and their family had they been discovered. Marcel's parents and Tosia's mother had been murdered by the Germans in the Treblinka concentration camp in 1942.From September 1944 Marcel Reich joined the Polish Army and Diplomatic Service. After World War II ended, he was told not to use the German sounding name Reich so he changed his name to Marcel Ranicki, keeping the same initials. Marcel Ranicki was sent as a diplomat to the Polish Embassy in London and he went with his wife. While in London their son, Andrzej Aleksander Raniki, the subject of this biography, was born in December 1948. In November 1949 Marcel Ranicki was recalled to Poland, and expelled from the Communist Party on account of "ideological alienation". From 1950 to 1958 the family lived in Warsaw where Marcel worked as a German literature critic, editor and translator. Andrew began his schooling in Warsaw.
The political situation in Poland led to Marcel Ranicki feeling that his position was untenable given the censorship and, in particular, the periodical Po prostu Ⓣ being closed down in October 1957 and its supporters given brutal treatment. Although it was illegal to emigrate from the Soviet block, the Ranicki family managed to escape to West Germany in 1958. This had been a difficult decision for the family since Tosia had never lived in Germany and had spent six years of World War II subjected to appalling conditions and in terror of the German occupiers. She very definitely did not want to live in Germany. Marcel, on the other hand, had attended a Gymnasium in Germany and had an expertise and interest in German literature that no one else in Poland had. Perhaps it was the feeling that Germany would not only be the best place for Marcel but also that Andrew would be better away from Poland that clinched the decision. Tosia, however, insisted that Andrews should not be educated in a German school, so the family settled in Hamburg where Andrew could attend the Hamburg International School. Marcel's sister Gerda had managed to escape from Berlin in 1939 and lived in London, England. Andrew spent about a year living with his aunt Gerda in London where he attended school
When Marcel Ranicki moved to Germany he considered going back to his original name of Reich. He already had publications under the name Ranicki so he made the decision to be known as Marcel Reich-Ranicki. Andrew, however, continued to use the name Ranicki. From 1959 Marcel worked for the newspaper Die Zeit but it was a difficult time. Andrew wrote [13]:-
He was excluded from society and from the editorial staff. They already knew he was talented. Everyone knew that. But they thought he was a troublemaker in editorial meetings. Which wasn't entirely wrong, I must admit: he never kept silent. But this exclusion affected him deeply.It was a three language upbringing for Andrew. At home the family spoke Polish, at the Hamburg International School teaching was in English, while, other than these situations, he spoke German when in Hamburg. His mother was a talented artist, his father a leading expert in literature, so Andrew's interest in mathematics did not come from his family. He explained in [16]:-
"I was very interested in science, ... but at 12, I didn't yet know whether I would become a physicist or a chemist." There was no pivotal moment. Suddenly, at 13, his interest in mathematics emerged, initially in the form of ordinary geometry. "It was love at first sight. ... I was mathematically gifted, but not a child prodigy."He wrote a little about his time at the Hamburg International School [13]:-
I never asked why I didn't have grandparents. At my school, all the children were of emigrants, children of foreigners who also had no grandparents at home. And I had very little contact with Germans, had no hobbies, wasn't in any sports club. However, we also had precious little to do with the Jewish community.When he was sixteen years old, Andrew was sent back to England and spent two years at the King's School in Canterbury. This is the oldest independent school in Britain and took in day pupils and boarders. Ranicki was a boarder and prepared for his university studies in mathematics. He began his university studies at Trinity College, Cambridge University, in 1966 and was awarded a B.A. in 1969. He continued to study Part 3 of the Mathematical Tripos and in 1970 was awarded the Yeats Prize. This prize, founded by Edward Yeats in 1830, was awarded to the fourth year scholar of Trinity College who was the most distinguished. He undertook research advised by J F Adams and A J Casson and was awarded a Ph.D. in 1972 for his thesis Algebraic L-Theory. He published four papers based on the work of his thesis. The first was Algebraic L-Theory, I: Foundations which was received by the London Mathematical Society on 1 November 1971 and published in the Proceedings in July 1973. The paper begins:-
Where algebraic K-theory deals with modules, L- theory considers modules with quadratic forms. The L-groups are of interest to topologists because they are the surgery obstruction groups, as described by Wall. Although isomorphism groups of quadratic forms have been studied before, by Witt and others, the topological applications require new algebraic methods.The paper contains the following acknowledgement:-
I wish to thank ... Professor J F Adams, for suggesting that I take up this topic, Andrew Casson, for constant advice and encouragement, and especially for the neat formulation of Theorem 3.1, Dusa MacDuff, for much help in translation from the Russian, the University of Cambridge, for its generous financial support. This work is dedicated to the memory of J T Knight.Let us note that James Thomson Knight (1942-1970) was an undergraduate student at the University of Glasgow and then a graduate student of mathematics at the University of Cambridge. He was killed in a motor car accident in Ireland in April 1970. The following picture of Knight was taken by Andrew Ranicki at Dunnottar Castle, Scotland in September 1969.
[Picture of Knight]
The second and third papers, both also published in 1973, are Algebraic L-Theory, II: Laurent extensions and Algebraic L-Theory, III: Twisted Laurent extensions. Paper II was, like paper I, received by the London Mathematical Society on 1 November 1971 while Paper III was published in 1974 in Volume III of the Proceedings of the Conference held at the Seattle Research Center of the Battelle Memorial Institute, from 28 August to 8 September 1972 and edited by Hyman Bass. The fourth paper in the series was Algebraic L-Theory, IV: Polynomial Extension Rings. It was received by Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici on 17 August 1973 and published in 1974.
Ranicki was awarded the Cambridge University Smith Prize in 1972 and, in the same year, was appointed as a Research Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. He continued in this position until 1977. During this time he spent the year 1973-74 in France as a Visiting member of the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques (IHES) at Bures-sur-Yvette, just south of Paris [14]:-
I actually met both Daniel Quillen and Dennis Sullivan at the same time, when I spent a year at IHES 1973-4. Sullivan's interest in surgery theory was naturally greater than Quillen's. Both Dan and Jean [Quillen's wife] were kind to me, and I was a frequent visitor at Pavillon 8 of the Residence de l'Ormaille. Although I did not talk to Dan all that much about mathematics there were plenty of other topics, and I was always impressed by his seriousness of purpose and independence of mind, allied with a winning personal modesty.Meeting with Dennis Sullivan at IHES led to the Ranicki-Sullivan joint paper A semi-local combinatorial formula for the signature of a 4k-manifold (1976).
In 1977 Ranicki was appointed as an Instructor at Princeton University and, after a year, he was promoted to Assistant Professor at Princeton University. In 1978 Ida Thompson was an assistant professor in the Geology Department of Princeton University. She went to a discussion group led by Hassler Whitney who, a couple of months later, invited her to a party at the house of John Milnor. There she was introduced to Ranicki and, a few days later, they met again at a talk give by Hassler Whitney [18]:-
[Andrew Ranicki] ... came back and sat next to me. I was embarrassed, since Hassler was talking and Andrew was talking and I couldn't concentrate. I tried to ignore him. Then he took out of his pocket what looked like a deck of cards but were tickets to various performances around the Princeton area. He spread them out and asked if I would like to take one of the tickets. I saw a ticket for a play entitled "The Torch Bearers" the next week at the McCarter Theater, which was on campus. I took the ticket, which had the wanted effect of causing Andrew to leave ... I showed up at the theater and found myself seated next to Andrew. We enjoyed the play and I went back to his flat afterwards.Ranicki writes [1]:-
Ida and I were married on 28 October 1979 in the Professors' Lounge of Fine Hall, the Mathematics Department of Princeton University. We were the first two Princeton professors to marry each other. ... Our daughter Carla Helen Emily Ranicki was born in Trenton, NJ on 26 December, 1979.From June 1981 to August 1982 Ranicki was a Visiting Member of the School of Mathematics at the Institute for Advanced Studies, Princeton. Then he accepted the offer of a Lectureship at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, taking up the position in September 1982. He would spend the rest of his career employed by the University of Edinburgh being promoted to Reader in 1997 and to Professor of Algebraic Surgery in 1995 [20]:-
Andrew Ranicki, Reader in the Department of Mathematics & Statistics, has been appointed to the Chair of Algebraic Surgery. ... He has held visiting positions at the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques in Bures-sur-Yvette, the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, the University of Kentucky and the University of Göttingen. He was awarded the Cambridge University Smith's Prize (1972), the Junior Whitehead Prize (1983) and the Senior Berwick Prize (1994) of the London Mathematical Society, and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1992. Algebraic surgery is a classification method in topology that involves cutting up the high-dimensional geometric objects called manifolds. Fortunately there is no connection with medical surgery, since it is the obstructions to surgery that are of particular interest in the mathematical context.Ranicki is the author of six books: Exact sequences in the algebraic theory of surgery (1981); Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds (1992); Lower K- and L-theory (1992); (with Bruce Hughes) Ends of complexes (1996); High-dimensional knot theory (1998); Algebraic and geometric surgery (2002); and (with Michael Crabb) The geometric Hopf invariant and surgery theory (2017). Thomas Farrell writes in a review of the 1981 text:-
... this is a carefully written and lucid (but lengthy) account of an important topic in topology which the reviewer strongly recommends to anyone interested in the structure of manifolds.Jan-Alve Svensson, reviewing the second of the 1992 books, writes:-
The book is very nicely written, with numerous applications to topology. It fills a gap in the existing literature on the subject.Ross Geoghegan, reviewing the 1996 book writes:-
The topology of high-dimensional manifolds is a subject of substantial complexity and depth which, compared to other parts of mathematics of comparable importance, suffers from a dearth of monographs. The book under review is therefore a welcome addition to the literature.Masayuki Yamasaki, reviewing the 1998 book, writes:-
In the introduction the author says: "The book actually has two aims: (i) to serve as an introduction to high-dimensional knot theory, using surgery theory to provide a systematic exposition, (ii) to serve as an introduction to algebraic surgery theory, using high-dimensional knots as the geometric motivation." The first aim has surely been achieved successfully, but the reviewer is not sure about the second aim since the book seems to be too huge for this purpose.Daniel Ruberman, reviewing the 2002 book, writes:-
Surgery theory, loosely speaking, refers to a variety of algebraic and geometric techniques used to classify manifolds, typically of dimensions 4 or greater. ... Ranicki's book is a readable introduction to this powerful theory that will be useful to a student or beginning user. One thing that such a reader should know, however, is that many of the proofs of the background results are sketched rather than being given in detail.The Publisher of the 2017 book writes:-
Written by leading experts in the field, this monograph provides homotopy theoretic foundations for surgery theory on higher-dimensional manifolds. Presenting classical ideas in a modern framework, the authors carefully highlight how their results relate to (and generalise) existing results in the literature. The central result of the book expresses algebraic surgery theory in terms of the geometric Hopf invariant, a construction in stable homotopy theory which captures the double points of immersions. Many illustrative examples and applications of the abstract results are included in the book, making it of wide interest to topologists. Serving as a valuable reference, this work is aimed at graduate students and researchers interested in understanding how the algebraic and geometric topology fit together in the surgery theory of manifolds. It is the only book providing such a wide-ranging historical approach to the Hopf invariant, double points and surgery theory, with many results old and new.Ranicki also acted as an editor for many books and journals. He was an editor of: Forum Mathematicum, 1988-2015; K-theory, 1990-2007; Algebraic and Geometric Topology, 2000-2010; deGruyter Studies Series, 2001-2015; European Mathematical Society Lecture Notes Series and Tracts Series, 2006-2015; Royal Society of Edinburgh Proceedings A, Mathematics, 2008-2017; Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 2011-2018; and Monografie Matematyczne, 2011-2018.
Iain Gordon, a colleague of Ranicki's at Edinburgh who was Head of School of Mathematics at the University of Edinburgh between 2014 and 2021, wrote about Ranicki's contribution to the School of Mathematics [6]:-
Andrew was an irrepressible spirit in the School of Mathematics who inspired regular visits to Scotland from the very best topologists, often under the banner of Scottish Topology which he helped to run since its foundation in 1981. In addition, he arranged many prestigious seminars, colloquia and events all across the discipline, featuring great mathematicians from throughout the world, including in the last few years Fields Medallists Sir Michael Atiyah, Gerd Faltings, Timothy Gowers and Ed Witten. His house was Edinburgh's mathematical living room, filled with laughter, gossip, and research highlights. In departmental life, he taught a variety of courses mostly in algebra, geometry, number theory and topology, nearly always exposing the students to quadratic forms and giving them glimpses of the rich mathematical world he inhabited. He was a constant advocate for the use of technology in the School, from email through the internet and onto social media, best illustrated by his monumental and multifarious webpage which is now a permanent resource for mathematicians all over the world.Carmen Rovi was one of Ranicki's Ph.D. students who was awarded the degree in 2015 for the thesis The signature modulo 8 of fibre bundles. In 2021 she became an Assistant Professor at Loyola University, Chicago. She wrote about being Ranicki's student [6]:-
How was Andrew as an advisor? Andrew was kind-hearted, generous, understanding and above all, he was enthusiastic. His enthusiasm for topology and in particular for surgery theory was a powerful beacon for anyone working in the area and especially for his students. He was able to communicate this enthusiasm and impress onto us his elegant understanding of mathematics. ... His sense of humour and hearty laugh combined with a breadth and depth of knowledge not just in mathematics, but also in other areas like music or literature, was always a source of motivation. ... [Andrew put] so much effort in putting together interesting projects for his students, so many hours spent guiding us towards our goals and listening to our attempts … he did all this in his selfless, generous manner ...Dusa McDuff writes [6]:-
Andrew's generosity of spirit, combined with his wife Ida's amazing ability to conjure up magnificent vegetarian meals and imaginative aperitifs, created convivial gatherings of laughter and great good cheer. These often took place in their surprisingly sunny garden, a whole world created by Ida of green beauty, mysterious dense undergrowth and bright blooms, with inviting little spaces to sit and chat. Their house was also a marvellously welcoming space for many mathematicians at all levels, eager students and established prize-winners, their friends and families included.One of Ranicki's favourite relaxations was hiking in the Scottish Highlands. He said [17]:-
We go there every year with several friends, a tiny place in the northwest. The landscape is beautiful, and it's the same every year, so I don't have to adjust. My only requirement: an internet connection. It keeps me connected to colleagues all over the world. There are only a few people I can talk to about my work. Without this technology, I would probably be very lonely.Raniki retired from his position as Professor of Algebraic Surgery at the University of Edinburgh in 2017 and was made an Honorary Professorial Fellow. Thomas Anz writes [4]:-
He had been suffering from leukaemia for some time. On 20 February 2018, during a final phone call in the early evening, he told me that the blood values symptomatic for this had deteriorated significantly in the past few days and that he would need to be hospitalised for a week. He added: "I'm glad my parents won't know anything about this." News of his death came today from his daughter Carla Ranicki. She wrote: "My mother was with him when he died and said it was very peaceful."
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Written by J J O'Connor and E F Robertson
Last Update September 2025
Last Update September 2025