Henry Walter Stager


Quick Info

Born
18 April 1879
Nutley, Essex, New Jersey, USA
Died
20 December 1937
Palo Alto, San Mateo, California, USA

Summary
Henry Stager was the second person to be awarded a PhD in mathematics by the University of California at Berkeley. He spent most of his career teaching mathematics in Junior Colleges in California.

Biography

Henry Walter Stager was the son of John Willis Stager (1853-1933) and Bertha Dittig (1855-1895). He was born in Nutley, a town whose origins and schools are described in []:-
Nutley was at first, and for many years after its first settlement, a part of the original Dutch grant known as Newark. In 1812 the area was separated from Newark and made a part of Bloomfield. This arrangement continued until 1839, when the eastern section of Bloomfield was separated and became Belleville Township. At this time the Nutley section was called North Belleville. In 1874 Belleville became a town, and this section became Franklin Township. In the township three areas had local names, i.e., Avondale, Nutley Center, and Spring Garden. Finally in 1902, Franklin Township became the Town of Nutley.
John Stager was born Belleville, New Jersey on 17 December 1854. He became a grocer and married Bertha A Dittig on 17 July 1878 in Brookdale, New Jersey. Bertha had been born in New Jersey to parents who had emigrated from Germany. John and Bertha Stager had five children: Henry Walter Stager (1879-1937), the subject of this biography; Cora Elisabeth Stager (1884-1956) who became a teacher in a state college; Raymond Milford Stager (1886-1941), who became an assistant storekeeper at a university, later a store keeper in a wireless manufacturing company, and still later a manager of a book store; Bertha Amelia Stager (1892-1980), who became a servant in a private house; and Robert Russell Stager (1893-1957), who became a plumber with his own firm, then a carpenter in the building trade. Neither of the two girls married and the 1940 Census records them living together at 936 Waverley Street, Palo Alto.

In 1856 Henry Stager, presumably a relative of the subject of this biography, donated land on which a school was built in Nutley []:-
This was a two-story frame building on Church Street facing east, and hence was known as the 'Church Street School,' with a separate entrance for boys and girls. The Church Street School burned in 1874 - the year that Nutley separated from Belleville and became the Township of Franklin - and in 1875 a two-story brick building was erected and used until the Park School was built in 1894.
Henry Walter Stager's elementary education was in the public schools of Nutley and the neighbouring town of Montclair. He was prepared for college at the Montclair High School which had been founded in 1886 and, when Stager studied there, was located on Orange Road. Stager graduated from the Montclair High School with high honours in 1897, was awarded the Wilde prize medal for excellence in scholarship, and was also one of the class essayists. After graduating, he went to California to study mathematics at Leland Stanford Junior University. This University is today known by all as Stanford University but its legal name remains Leland Stanford Junior University. It was founded in Palo Alto in 1885 by California senator and railroad magnate Leland Stanford and his wife, Jane Lathrop:-
... to promote the public welfare by exercising an influence in behalf of humanity and civilisation.
The university was a memorial to the Stanfords' only child Leland Jr who died from typhoid in 1884. It opened in 1891, six years before Stager began his studies there in the autumn of 1897. He was taught by who was the first Professor of Mathematics at Stanford University, appointed to the position in 1892. At the time of the 1900 Census, Stager was studying at Stanford and living as a boarder, along with other boarders, in the home of Marcia Greggory at 517 Waverley Street, Palo Alto. He graduated from Stanford University in 1902 having in his final year been taught by who was appointed to Stanford in 1901. In his senior year of 1901-02 Stager had been appointed as an assistant professor in mathematics.

After graduating from Stanford in 1902, Stager spent the next three years teaching mathematics at various high schools in California. On 2 August 1905 he married Ella May Peterson (1880-1944), born in Chicago, the daughter of Swedish parents Victor and Gustava Peterson. The Peterson family had moved from Chicago to Kingsburg, California in 1894 and the marriage of Henry Stager and Ella May Peterson took place in Kingsburg. Shortly after the wedding, Stager took up an appointments as an assistant in applied mathematics at Stanford University, and advised by and studied for his Master's Degree. He was awarded the degree of A.M. in 1906 and in September 1907 he began studying for a PhD at the University of California Berkeley.

The mathematics department in which Stager studied at Berkeley had been built up by who had been appointed as head in 1882. In 1890 Mellen Woodman Haskell (1863-1948) was appointed to Berkeley. He had been an undergraduate at Harvard and then had undertaken research for his doctorate supervised by at Leipzig and Göttingen. He had been awarded his doctorate on 18 June 1889 and appointed as an Instructor in Mathematics at Berkeley. He was promoted to assistant professor at Berkeley in June of the following year. This was the first new professorial appointment in mathematics following the appointment of Stringham. They were joined by who was appointed as an instructor in mathematics in 1900. In 1902 John Hector McDonald had been hired as an instructor. McDonald was born in Toronto on 11 December 1874, received a BA from the University of Toronto in 1895 and, after graduate study at the University of Chicago advised by , had been awarded a Ph.D. for his thesis 'On a System of a Binary Cubic and Quadratic and the Reduction of Hyperelliptic Integrals to Elliptic by a Transformation of the Fourth Kind'. At Berkeley he taught the graduate courses 'Theory of Functions of a Real Variable' and 'Elliptic and Other Special Functions' at the time when Stager was studying there. Hugo Karl Schilling was born at Saalfeld, Germany, on 28 March 1861. He was not a mathematician but a scholar of modern languages who came to the United States in 1885, taught at Johns Hopkins University, Wittenberg College and Harvard before being appointed to the chair of German at Berkeley in 1901.

Stager undertook graduate work for his doctorate under the direction of Mellen Haskell, , John H McDonald and Hugo K Schilling. He submitted his 26-page thesis On Numbers which Contain no Factors of the Form p(kp + 1) in 1909. The Introduction begins as follows []:-
If pap^{a} is the highest power of a prime p which divides the order of a group G, the subgroups of G of order pap^{a} form a single conjugate set and their number is congruent to unity, mod p.

The above well-known theorem, which was first established by , suggests the segregation of numbers into two distinct classes: the class to contain all numbers which have factors o the form p(kp + 1) which p may be any prime except unity and k may have any integral value greater than zero; the other class to contain all remaining numbers. Numbers in the second class will be found to have certain properties analogous to the properties of primes and will be denoted by P, the numbers in the first class will be found to have certain properties analogous to the properties of composite numbers and will be denoted by C. If a C should be of the form p(kp + 1), and not merely a multiple of a number of that form, we will call it a "fundamental" C. Certain Cs are fundamental for certain p's and not for others; e.g.
12=2(2(1×2+1))=3(1×3+1)12 = 2(2(1 \times 2 + 1)) = 3(1 \times 3 + 1),
and 12 is therefore fundamental for p=3, but not for p=2; whether a given C is to be considered a fundamental C or not will be made clear by the context. Two fundamental C's will be called "different" if the values of the p's and k's respectively are not both the same in the two C's. The present investigation is intended to develop some of the more fundamental properties of the P's and C's and to establish certain formulae for the number of P's within a given limit.
He gives the following Acknowledgement in the thesis, thanking the members of the examining committee []:-
I wish to express my appreciation for the kindly interest of all my instructors. My thanks are especially due to the members of my Committee, Professors , Haskell, and Schilling; and more especially to Professor , whose encouragement and sympathetic advice have been a constant source of help in preparing my dissertation.
He was awarded a Ph.D. in 1909, becoming only the second person to be awarded a Ph.D. in mathematics from Berkeley. The first Berkeley Ph.D. was in 1901. Even before he submitted his thesis, Stager had joined the American Mathematical Society []:-
February 1908: Stager, Henry Walter, M.A.; Assistant in Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley, California. 1700 Ward Street.
In the 1910 Census, Stager is recorded as an Instructor in Mathematics at Berkeley. He is living with his wife and daughter in Ward Street. His daughter, Helen Elizabeth Stager (1906-1991), had been born on 16 May 1906 in Fresno, California and was three years old at the time of the 1910 Census. We note that Helen Stager married Dana Poulsen on Thursday 27 August 1929 in Salinas []:-
The marriage of Miss Helen Stager and Dana Poulsen of Santa Rosa was solemnised Thursday at high noon at the home of the bride's parents, Mr and Mrs H W Stager. Rev H K Hamilton of the First Methodist church officiated. The couple will reside in Santa Rosa, where Mr Poulsen is in business. He was formerly in charge of the company's store in this city.
Leaving Berkeley, Stager was appointed to Fresno Junior College in Fresno, California. This College opened in 1910 with 20 students and 3 instructors. The report [], giving data from 1912, lists a faculty of 8 with Henry W Stager as the only mathematician. He was delivering the courses: Solid geometry; Trigonometry, 1/2 year; Analytical geometry, 1/2 year; Algebraic theory, 1/2 year; Descriptive geometry, 1/2 year; Differential Calculus, Integral Calculus, 1 year. The College was playing a role in easing pressure on the University of California []:-
... because of having to mass lower division students at the University of California in very large classes, it is impossible to give them anything like the opportunities they need. The instructors and the equipment are overtaxed. It was asserted expressly that Fresno students had a better chance and could do better college Freshman and Sophomore work in their "junior college" than at the university. Here at home, in their small classes they could get closer to, and keep closer to, their studies and their instructors.
While teaching in the College, Stager lived at 265 Howard Street, Fresno. He also played an important role in the California High School Teachers' Association, being chairman of the Mathematics Section in 1914. For two communications written by Stager for the California High School Teachers' Association, see THIS LINK.

Stager published the book A Sylow Factor Table of the First Twelve Thousand Numbers in 1916. writes in the review []:-
The author is to be congratulated upon the completion of so important and formidable a piece of work. While the reviewer has, of course, not checked over any part of the table he has the utmost confidence in the accuracy of the list. The printing has been done by the photographic methods employed by the Carnegie Institution in the publication of the Factor Tables and the List of Primes. Both the author and the publishers deserve the gratitude of every lover of science in putting in the hands of mathematicians results of such permanent value.
In the review [] of this book the reviewer writes:-
It is obvious that, apart from its special purpose, this table will be very useful to arithmeticians ...
For further details of the reviews [] and [], see THIS LINK.

In 1920 Stager moved from Fresno Junior College to the University of Washington []:-
Professor H W Stager, of Fresno Junior College, has been appointed instructor in mathematics at the University of Washington.
Later he worked at Salinas Junior College from the 1920s where he was head of the mathematics department. At the time of the 1930 Census he was working at the College and living with his wife at 47 Stone Street, Salinas, Monterey, California. After he retired in 1931 he continued to be an important figure in using his expertise in mathematics teaching in Californian junior colleges. He was a member of a committee of junior college mathematics instructors appointed by the California State Department of Education which made and published in 1937 a survey of the mathematics courses taught in the public junior colleges of California. See [] for details of the report:-
... for which the committee deserves commendations as well as honourable mention.
After he retired he moved back to Palo Alto, where he taught at the Palo Alto Evening School. He lived at 565 Hamilton Avenue, Palo Alto, where he died of a heart attack at the age of 58. His funeral was at 10:30 in the morning of Thursday 23 December 1937 in the Roller and Hapgood chapel in Palo Alto, and he was interred at Alta Mesa Memorial Park.



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Written by J J O'Connor and E F Robertson
Last Update March 2025