# Richard Alfred Tapia

### Quick Info

Born
25 March 1939
Santa Monica, California, USA

Summary
Richard Tapia is an American mathematician who worked in mathematical optimisation. He is known as a champion of diversity in US education.

### Biography

Richard Tapia's parents were Amado and Magda Tapia. He was born into an Hispanic American family with his father Amado Tapia emigrating to the United States from Nayarit in Central Mexico, while his mother Magda emigrated from Chihuahua in Northern Mexico. Richard and his twin brother were the eldest children in the family of five, having two younger brothers and one sister. Amado and Magda never completed their school education since both of them had to leave school to help support their families. However they provided encouragement to their children:-
I learned from my mother and father many important things - good work habits, belief in yourself, pride in who you are, respect for others, and sensitivity to their needs. My mother taught me that you can do anything that you want; you just have to stay determined and not give up. There was nothing that was going to prevent my mother from achieving her goal once she set her mind to it.
Richard developed a liking for mathematics while at school:-
... from the first grade on, my brother and I did very well in mathematics. ... We were both considered mathematics stars by our teachers. I think my love for mathematics may have come from the Mayas, one of the first civilizations to deeply understand mathematics and astronomy.
Richard and his brother developed another interest while at school which had nothing to do with their academic work. They became interested in racing cars, in particular drag racing, from the time they were fifteen years old. It was an interest which Richard continued to enjoy and he went on to hold a drag racing world record in 1968. He is most certainly the only mathematician in this archive to hold a drag racing world record! He has even written an article on the mathematics of car racing.

The High School did not encourage Tapia to be as ambitious as he should have been, and in many ways one can see that he has devoted an enormous effort throughout his professional career to ensure that minorities and women today receive the encouragement which he himself did not:-
I had not been advised in high school that I could attend a four-year college such as the University of California, even though my grades were good enough.
Instead of going to the University of California, Tapia studied at Harbor Junior College in Wilmington, California. He was awarded an Associates of Arts degree from Harbor Junior College after two years of study but at this College the staff did realise his mathematical potential and encouraged Tapia to be more ambitious about his educational aims:-
... at junior college, my mathematical talents were noticed, and I was encouraged to apply to the University of California, Los Angeles.
He entered the University of California and while he was studying there for his bachelor of arts degree he married Jean Rodriguez on 25 July 1959. The University of California at Los Angeles awarded Tapia an B.A. in 1961. Tapia did not proceed immediately to graduate studies but first he was employed as a mathematician working on ship design at Todd Shipyards, San Pedro, California.

He began his graduate studies at the University of California, Los Angeles in 1963 but he had little money with which to support his family which by this time included a child Circee:-
While I was in graduate school, my wife and I did not have a lot of money, but that was okay. This was a wonderful point in my life. At one time we did not even have a phone. For the first years of graduate school, I supported myself. Eventually, because I was doing well, I did receive support from the department of mathematics and the Office of Naval Research.
From 1963 to 1966 as well as his graduate studies, he worked part-time as a scientific programmer for IBM in Los Angeles. He received his M.A. in 1966 and then, in the following year submitted his thesis A Generalization of Newton's Method with an Application to the Euler-Lagrange Equation which led to the award of a Ph.D. By this time he had been persuaded to follow an academic career:-
I had planned to work for industry after completing my doctorate, but many of my professors felt that I would make a good researcher and teacher; so I decided to pursue a university career.
After working in the Department of Mathematics at UCLA in 1967-68, during which time his second child Richard was born, he then spent the next two years on an applied mathematics postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Wisconsin. During this time he began to publish articles, the first one An application of a Newton-like method to the Euler-Lagrange equation in 1969 based on the work of his doctoral thesis. In it Tapia considered the solution of the equation $P(x) = 0$, where $P$ is a nonlinear mapping between Banach spaces. He used Newton-like iterations to solve the generalized Euler-Lagrange equation of the calculus of variations.

Also in 1969 he published The weak Newton method and boundary value problems. Tapia explains in the introduction to this paper what he is setting out to do:-
In this paper we show that the Kantorovich theorem gives useful results when stated in terms of a Newton-like method called the weak Newton method. It is also shown that this procedure can be applied to a class of two point boundary value problems containing the Euler-Lagrange equation for simple variational problems and most second order ordinary differential equations.
In 1970 Hamel versus Schauder dimension was published by Tapia in the American Mathematical Monthly. Also in this year he lectured to the Advanced Seminar at the Mathematics Research Center at the University of Wisconsin, Madison on The differentiation and integration of nonlinear operators. L B Rall, describing the resulting publication, writes:-
The exposition of these concepts is elegant, and the proofs are crisp.
It was in this year of 1970 that Tapia moved to Rice University in Houston, Texas, where he was promoted to associate professor two years later, and then to full professor in 1976. He chaired the Department of Mathematical Sciences, Rice University from 1978 to 1983. He was honoured by Rice when he was named Noah Harding Professor of Computational and Applied Mathematics in 1991.

Tapia has seen two different, but closely related, strands to his career. On the one hand he has produced many excellent mathematics papers while on the other hand he has devoted great energies to improving the lot of minorities in mathematics and science:-
When I made my career choice, I knew I wanted to reach out to under-represented groups, especially Hispanics. I wanted to show minority students that if they really want to do something, they can. I believe I can improve minorities' participation in science and mathematics. However, in order to do this, I have to serve as a role model by first being an excellent scientist.
Tapia has received many awards for his outstanding contributions. He was named as one of twenty most influential leaders in minority mathematics education by National Research Council in 1990. In 1992 he was elected to the National Academy of Engineering, and in 1994 he received the A Nico Habermann Award. Fred W Weingarten presenting Tapia with this award said:-
Richard Tapia has worked tirelessly and successfully to encourage and assist minority students in following careers in the computing field. He embodies the values and spirit recognized by the A Nico Habermann Award, and he is a most appropriate first recipient.
Further honours came his way. In 1996 he was appointed to serve on the National Science Board by President Clinton, was named Hispanic Engineer of the Year, and he received the Presidential Award for Excellence in Mathematics, Science, and Engineering Mentoring. Two years later, in 1998, the American Association for the Advancement of Science presented him with their Mentor-Lifetime Achievement Award. Among many other awards let us mention the Giants in Science Award from the Quality Education for Minorities Mathematics, Science, and Engineering Network presented to him in 1999. In the same year he was honoured with the inauguration of the Blackwell-Tapia Lecture Series by Cornell University, Ithaca. He was awarded the Reginald H Jones Distinguished Service Award from National Action Council for Minorities in Engineering in 2001 and in the following year he was inducted into the Texas Science Hall of Fame. In 2003 he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate in Engineering by the Colorado School of Mines, and in the following year an Honorary Doctorate of Science and Technology from Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh. On 8 January 2004 he received the 2004 Award for Distinguished Public Service from the American Mathematical Society at the Joint Mathematics Meetings in Phoenix, Arizona, then on 14 July 2004 he received the SIAM Prize for Distinguished Service to the Profession. In 2005, as well as receiving the Gary D Keller Award from Arizona State University, he was named University Professor by Rice University, Houston. He became only the sixth person and the first mathematician to be named University Professor in the 94-year history of Rice University.

Let us end this biography with the message that Tapia has for minority students:-
I want to tell minority students that they must not close their eyes to the possibility of a career in science or mathematics.

### References (show)

1. A Multiple Success, Houston Post (21 March 1993).
2. Best of the Best Top Hispanics in Technology, Hispanic Engineer (February/March 1998).
3. Clinton Taps Rice Prof, Houston Chronicle (11 October 1996).
4. Cornell Honours David Blackwell and Richard Tapia with Lecture Series, FOCUS Newsletter of the Mathematical Association of America 20 (6) (August/September 2000), 4.
5. Hitting the Nation's Scientific Highway with Mathematician Richard Tapia, Society for the Advancement of Chicanos and Native Americans in Science (SACNAS) Quarterly Journal 3 (3) (Fall 1999), 20-21.
6. C Laird, By the Numbers, Houston Chronicle (22 April 1996).
7. C C Mellado, Richard Tapia Interview : Math Education in the Computer Age, Hispanic Engineer (Spring 1991), 26-27.
8. More than Math, Nuestras Vidas (March 1997).
9. Presidential Award for Rice Professor, Houston Chronicle (12 October 1996).
10. Rice Prof Wins Mentoring Award, Village News (29 October 1996).
11. Richard Tapia Wins AAAS Award for Lifetime Achievement, Society for the Advancement of Chicanos and Native Americans in Science (SACNAS) Quarterly Journal 2 (2) (Spring 1998), 10.

### Additional Resources (show)

Other websites about Richard Tapia:

### Honours (show)

Honours awarded to Richard Tapia

Written by J J O'Connor and E F Robertson
Last Update September 2009