500
- Metrodorus assembles the Greek Anthology consisting of 46 mathematical problems.
510
530
532
534
- Chinese mathematics is introduced into Japan.
575
- Varahamihira produces Pancasiddhantika (The Five Astronomical Canons). He makes important contributions to trigonometry.
594
- Decimal notation is used for numbers in India. This is the system on which our current notation is based. (See this History Topic.)
628
- Brahmagupta writes Brahmasphutasiddanta (The Opening of the Universe), a work on astronomy; on mathematics. He uses zero and negative numbers, gives methods to solve quadratic equations, sum series, and compute square roots.
644
700
- Mathematicians in the Mayan civilization introduce a symbol for zero into their number system. (See this History Topic.)
775
- Alcuin of York writes elementary texts on arithmetic, geometry and astronomy.
810
- House of Wisdom set up in Baghdad. There Greek and Indian mathematical and astronomy works are translated into Arabic.
- Al-Khwarizmi writes important works on arithmetic, algebra, geography, and astronomy. In particular Hisab al-jabr w'al-muqabala (Calculation by Completion and Balancing), gives us the word "algebra", from "al-jabr". From al-Khwarizmi's name, as a consequence of his arithmetic book, comes the word "algorithm".
850
- Thabit ibn Qurra makes important mathematical discoveries such as the extension of the concept of number to (positive) real numbers, integral calculus, theorems in spherical trigonometry, analytic geometry, and non-euclidean geometry.
- Thabit ibn Qurra writes Book on the determination of amicable numbers which contains general methods to construct amicable numbers. He knows the pair of amicable numbers 17296, 18416.
- Mahavira writes Ganita Sara Samgraha. It consists of nine chapters and includes all mathematical knowledge of mid-ninth century India.